Russian Flag of Russia

There is only one template for Russian: Russian - Basic.

For the details about the DBT translator used by Russian: click here.

Uncontracted Braille

Russian is usually produced in uncontracted braille. This means that words in the text are produced in braille on a one-for-one basis: one braille character for each inkprint letter. Some inkprint punctuation may require more than one braille character. Indicating upper case, emphasis, or numbers adds additional braille characters to the character count, but there are no abbreviations or contractions.

If you have questions about how braille is produced, please contact a member of the relevant braille authority.

Non-Roman Script

Russian is written in a script other than the Roman alphabet. This can occasionally cause problems when importing files to DBT. The best result is usually achieved by importing files from Microsoft Word or Open Office that are written in Unicode fonts. You can contact Duxbury Systems if you have file that does not import properly into DBT. Please send the original inkprint file with your request, not a screen shot of the DBT screen.

Math Issues in Russian

DBT now supports the Russian braille code for mathematics, approved in the 1970's. To use this translator, the math material needs to be enclosed in the DBT math style. This happens automatically with the import of LaTeX files and some other formats.

Revised Russian Braille & Formatting Rules

Russian braille authorities released new rules in 2015. DBT has been updated to reflect changes in braille translation due to these rule changes.

The new rules for braille formatting are much more difficult. These rules tend to rely on human judgments about the intention of the author, and other semantic aspects of the text, that are not easily computerized. Duxbury Systems will continue to work to make the production of braille easier for those who wish to follow the most exacting formatting rules.